[68], Las Casas returned to Spain, leaving behind many conflicts and unresolved issues. Bartolome de Las Casas partidan zegoen. In 1527 he began working on his History of the Indies, in which he reported much of what he had witnessed first hand in the conquest and colonization of New Spain. (Vol II, p. 257)[93]. 1515ean Santo Domingora joan zen, La Españolara, Pedro de Cordoba domingotarrarekin hitz egitera. Residencial Las Casas in Santurce, San Juan, Puerto Rico is named after Las Casas. Motolinia would later be a fierce critic of Las Casas, accusing him of being all talk and no action when it came to converting the Indians. Sepúlveda was a doctor of theology and law who, in his book Democrates Alter, sive de justis causis apud Indos (Another Democrates /or A New Democrates, or on the Just Causes of War against the Indians) had argued that some native peoples were incapable of ruling themselves and should be pacified forcefully. Espainiar asko zeuden araudiaren aurka, Antonio de Mendoza Erregeordea kasu, eta segizio bat Erregearekin hitz egitera bidali zuen, Lege Berriak abolitu zitzan. Gunst, Laurie. Juan, 60 gizonekin, Las Casas eta Pedro de Angulorekin batera, Cobanen indiarrekin hitz egitera joan ziren eta euren asmo onen berri eman zieten. He wrote a letter asking for permission to stay in Spain a little longer to argue for the emperor that conversion and colonization were best achieved by peaceful means. Las Casas is often considered to be one of the first advocates for a universal conception of human dignity (later human rights). On what authority have you waged such detestable wars against these people who dealt quietly and peacefully on their own lands? Hogeita hamar urte zituela, publikoki uko egin zien esplotatu zituen indiarren banaketa eta enkomiendei, eta, ordutik, indiarren defentsan aritu zen. [90], The History of the Indies is a three-volume work begun in 1527 while Las Casas was in the Convent of Puerto de Plata. A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies[c] (Spanish: Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias) is an account written in 1542 (published in Seville in 1552) about the mistreatment of the indigenous peoples of the Americas in colonial times and sent to then-Prince Philip II of Spain. 1526an Alonso de Fuenmayor Auzitegiko presidenteari idatzi zion, indiarren alde jar zedin eskatzeko. Before a council consisting of Cardinal García de Loaysa, the Count of Osorno, Bishop Fuenleal and several members of the Council of the Indies, Las Casas argued that the only solution to the problem was to remove all Indians from the care of secular Spaniards, by abolishing the encomienda system and putting them instead directly under the Crown as royal tribute-paying subjects. Ocamporen espedizioa 300 soldadurekin iritsi zen Puerto Ricoko San Juanera. Benavente described indignantly how Las Casas had once denied baptism to an aging Indian who had walked many leagues to receive it, only on the grounds that he did not believe that the man had received sufficient doctrinal instruction. [16] In 1510, he was ordained a priest, the first one to be ordained in the Americas. Horretarako, beren etorrera ospatu zuten eta aginduak beharrezkoak zirela sinetsarazi zieten, bestela indiarrak matxinatu egingo zirela eta, gainera, ohitura zaharkituak zituztela. [15] He participated in slave raids and military expeditions against the native Taíno population of Hispaniola. Carlos printzea Asturiasen lehorreratu zen, eta jarraigo handiarekin iritsi zen Valladolidera. Bere lanetako batean, Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias izenekoan, 1512ko errekerimenduari buruzko aipamen kritiko samarra egin zuen, Fernando II Aragoikoak Burgosko Legeen testuinguruan pregoi ofizial izateko aginduz idatzitako dokumentua (Juan López de Palacios Rubiosek idatzia), Amerikako konkistaren justiziari buruz sortutako eztabaidaren erantzun gisa egina izan zen. Even some of Las Casas's enemies, such as Toribio de Benavente Motolinia, reported many gruesome atrocities committed against the Indians by the colonizers. [77], One matter in which he invested much effort was the political situation of the Viceroyalty of Peru. Lehen gotzaina Juan de Arteaga izan zen eta, bere oinordekoa, Bartolome de las Casas bera. Batzuk beren enkomienda-buruek Ameriketatik ekarriak ziren, eta beste batzuk esklabo-merkatariei ezkutuan eskuratuak. Ponce de Leónen espedizioa egun batzuk lehenago amaitu zen, indiarrek espainiarrei eraso egin zietelako Floridan eta Ponce de León geziz hil. Las Casasek indiarrak bakean zibilizatu zitezkeela eta euren askatasuna errespeta zitekeela argudiatzen zuten, Jainkoak, gizon zuriari eman zizkion talentu berberak eman zizkielako. [82], The text, written 1516, starts by describing its purpose: to present "The remedies that seem necessary in order that the evil and harm that exists in the Indies cease, and that God and our Lord the Prince may draw greater benefits than hitherto, and that the republic may be better preserved and consoled. Renteria itzuli zenean, Las Casasek bere erabakiaren berri eman zion. 2001ean Eliza katolikoak Bartolome de las Casasen beatifikazio prozesua hasi zuen. [40], Las Casas suggested a plan where the encomienda would be abolished and Indians would be congregated into self-governing townships to become tribute-paying vassals of the king. 1531ko azaroan lehorreratu zen Veracruzen, frai Tomas de Berlangarekin eta Santo Domingoko Errege Auzitegiko presidente Sebastian Ramirez de Fuenrealekin batera. Bertatik, Vera Pazeko konkista baketsua zuzendu zuten. Armarik gabeko jendea erasotzeko metodoak ez ziren Enriqueren gustukoak, baina espainiarrenganako zegoen gorrotoa hain zen handia, ezen zaila zen kontrolatzea. Renteriari idatzi zion eta itzultzeko eskatu, Gaztelara itzuli nahi zuela. Zein autoritatez egin diezue hain gerra higuingarria jende honi, beren lur bare eta baketsuetan baitzeuden, zeinak, hain infinituak horiez, entzun gabeko heriotza eta hondamenekin agortu dituzuen? Joan II.a erregeak Guillen Las Casasi, "Sevillako zaldun boteretsuena", Montilla hiribildua eman zion, eta, Henrike II.a Gaztelakoa erregearen aginduz, Frantziara bidalia izan zen errefortzu militarrerako. Isabel I.a Gaztelako erreginak jakin zuenean Kolon indioak esklabu egiten ari zela, bere menekoak horrela tratatu ez zitzatela agindu zuen, baizik eta koroaren beste menekoen eran; eta indiarrak esklabu zituzten guztiak heriotza zigorrarekin zigortzeko agindua ere eman zuen. [75], Having resigned the Bishopric of Chiapas, Las Casas spent the rest of his life working closely with the imperial court in matters relating to the Indies. Urte horren amaieran, Las Casasek Valentzian bere lanik ezagunena idatzi zuen, Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias, Filipe II.a printzeari zuzendua, garai hartan Indietako arazoez arduratzen zena. Agindu horrek Bartolome de Las Casasi bere indiarraren zerbitzua kendu zion. [111] He is also often cited as a predecessor of the liberation theology movement. [106] That view is contradicted by Sylvia Wynter, who argued that Las Casas's 1516 Memorial was the direct cause of Charles V granting permission in 1518 to transport the first 4,000 African slaves to Jamaica. His father was a merchant and was acquainted with the Italian explorer Christopher Columbus.Young Bartolomé, then about 9 years old, was in Seville when Columbus returned from his first voyage in 1493; he might have met members of the Taíno tribe who Columbus enslaved and brought back with him from the Americas. Sepúlveda argued that the subjugation of certain Indians was warranted because of their sins against Natural Law; that their low level of civilization required civilized masters to maintain social order; that they should be made Christian and that this in turn required them to be pacified; and that only the Spanish could defend weak Indians against the abuses of the stronger ones. Las Casas hotz hartu zuten La Españolan. Negozioetan murgildu zen erabat, eta gutiziatsu fama hartzen hasi zen. Sevillatik abiatu eta Santo Domingora iritsi zen 1544ko irailaren 8an, hogeita hamar misiolarirekin. [17][18], In September 1510, a group of Dominican friars arrived in Santo Domingo led by Pedro de Córdoba; appalled by the injustices they saw committed by the slaveowners against the Indians, they decided to deny slave owners the right to confession. Santo Domingo suntsitu zuen urakana altxatu zen orduan eta Francisco de Bobadilla Espainiara zeramaten itsasontziak hondoratu zituen. Batzar horretan indiarrei buruz eztabaidatu zuten eta, indiarren gaitasunari eta Koroarekin zituzten betebeharrei zegokionez, Las Casasen tesia garaile atera zen. His extensive writings, the most famous being A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies and Historia de Las Indias, chronicle the first decades of colonization of the West Indies. His widely disseminated 'History of the Indies' helped to establish the Black Legend of Spanish cruelty. Gutun hori beste lan baten ernamuina izan zen, De Unico Vocationis Modo. Cisnerosek arreta osoa eskaini zion Las Casasi, hainbat aldiz entzun zuen. In his early writings, he advocated the use of African slaves instead of Natives in the West Indian colonies but did so without knowing that the Portuguese were carrying out "brutal and unjust wars in the name of spreading the faith". [49] In 1536 Las Casas followed a number of friars to Guatemala, where they began to prepare to undertake a mission among the Maya Indians. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Orriaren azken aldaketa: 17 azaroa 2020, 18:08. Languages, Empires, Nations.) Apirilean, Cisnerosek hiru fraide jeronimo bidaltzea erabaki zuen La Españako gobernuan aritzeko. [51] As a direct result of the debates between the Dominicans and Franciscans and spurred on by Las Casas's treatise, Pope Paul III promulgated the Bull "Sublimis Deus," which stated that the Indians were rational beings and should be brought peacefully to the faith as such.[52]. Early Life . Bartolomé de las Casas (Sevilla, 1474 edo 1484 - Madril, 1566ko uztaila) enkomienda-buru espainiarra izan zen, baita fraile domingotarra (Ordo Praedicatorum), kronista, teologoa, filosofoa, legelari eta Chiapasko (Mexiko, garai hartan Guatemalako Kapitaintza Nagusiaren eskumeneko lurraldea) apezpikua eta idazlea ere. Consequently, the commissioners were unable to take any radical steps towards improving the situation of the natives. Hala ere, Mundu Berrian askotan ez zen aplikatzen. He still suggested that the loss of Indian labor for the colonists could be replaced by allowing importation of African slaves. Francisco de Vitoriarekin batera, Bartolome de las Casas nazioarteko zuzenbide modernoaren sortzaileetako bat da; eta Antonio Vieira jesuita portugaldarrarekin batera, indiarren babesle eta giza eskubideen aitzindari handia. One of the stated purposes for writing the account was Las Casas's fear of Spain coming under divine punishment and his concern for the souls of the native peoples. He was appointed as the first resident Bishop of Chiapas, and the first officially appointed "Protector of the Indians". The Crown had for example received a fifth of the large number of slaves taken in the recent Mixtón War, and so could not be held clean of guilt under Las Casas's strict rules. Primeiros Anos. Eztabaida hori nork irabazi zuen oso gai eztabaidatua izan zen, biek beren burua baitzuten irabazle. [60] Las Casas himself was also not satisfied with the laws, as they were not drastic enough and the encomienda system was going to function for many years still under the gradual abolition plan. Tomas Matienzo domingotar eta konfesorearen gestioei esker, Erregearekin elkarrizketa lortu zuen. Köleciliğe karşı çıkan Avrupalılardandır. "Bartolomé de las Casas: en busca del rostro amable de la Conquista". Predikuak protesta handiak sortu zituen uhartean, eta Diego Colon frai Pedro de Córdobarekin hitz egitera joan zen domingotarren komentura, uhartetik Frai Antonio kanporatu zezan edo, gutxienez, hurrengo astean animoak baretuko zituen sermoi leunagoa eman zezan. [43], Arriving in Puerto Rico, in January 1521, he received the terrible news that the Dominican convent at Chiribichi had been sacked by Indians, and that the Spaniards of the islands had launched a punitive expedition, led by Gonzalo de Ocampo, into the very heart of the territory that Las Casas wanted to colonize peacefully. In addition, his critique towards the colonizers served to bring awareness to his audience on the true meaning of Christianity, to dismantle any misconceptions on evangelization. Frai Bartolome de las Casas, Indiarren apostolua izenez ezaguna, Madrilen hil zen 1566an. Itzuleran Francisco de Soto, frai Dionisio frantziskotarra eta Artieda artileroa hil zituzten. Las Casas feared that at the rate the exploitation was proceeding it would be too late to hinder their annihilation unless action were taken rapidly. 20 misiolari izan zituen ondoan, zeintzuek Las Casasen Zazpi Tratatuak zeramatzaten. Horren aurrean, Sebastian Ramirez de Fuenleal Espainiako Auzitegiko presidenteak Las Casasi auzian esku hartzeko eskatu zion. 1506an Sevillara itzuli zen apaizgorako ordenazioa jasotzera. The two orders had very different approaches to the conversion of the Indians. Teologia, filosofia eta zuzenbide kanonikoa eta Erdi Arokoa ikasteko erretiratu zen, eta bere Historia de las Indias idazten hasi zen. Christianity and Freedom: Historical Perspectives. All warfare was illegal and unjust and only through the papal mandate of peacefully bringing Christianity to heathen peoples could "Just Titles" be acquired. In Spain, Las Casas started securing official support for the Guatemalan mission, and he managed to get a royal decree forbidding secular intrusion into the Verapaces for the following five years. Bartolome de Las Casas 1502ko apirilaren 15ean iritsi zen uhartera. Erregearekin batera, bi horiek ziren estatu arazoez arduratzen zirenak. Hala ere, ekaitza altxa zen eta bere ontziarekin Yaiquimora joan behar izan zuen, La Españolaren beste aldera. Karlos V.ak tronua hartzeak Las Casas gortean entzuna izatea ahalbidetu zuen. 1545eko urtarrilaren 19an San Lorenzo de Campechen lehorreratu zen, non biztanleen eta gobernadore Francisco de Montejoren etsaitasuna ere jasan zuen. Kazikea Juan izenez bataiatu zen. "Bartolomé de las Casas and the Question of Negro Slavery in the Early Spanish Indies." Indiarren defentsaren alde egin zuen arren eta beltzen defentsa zalantzan jarri den arren, Brevísima relación de la destrucción de África idatzi zuen, Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias lanaren zati gisa, Afrikako biztanleei Gaztelak eta Portugalek egindako gehiegikerien aurka. Laster sortu ziren bando bi boterea eskuratzeko. (Sevilla, 1484 – Madrid, julio de 1566) fue un encomendero español y luego fraile dominico, cronista, filósofo, teólogo, jurista, «Procurador o protector universal de todos los indios de las Indias», obispo de Chiapas en el Virreinato de Nueva España, escritor y principal apologista de los indígenas. Devastated, Las Casas reacted by entering the Dominican monastery of Santa Cruz in Santo Domingo as a novice in 1522 and finally taking holy vows as a Dominican friar in 1523. [6] Although he did not completely succeed in changing Spanish views on colonization, his efforts did result in improvement of the legal status of the natives, and in an increased colonial focus on the ethics of colonialism. [99] Menéndez Pelayo also accused Las Casas of having been instrumental in suppressing the publication of Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda's "Democrates Alter" (also called Democrates Secundus) out of spite, but other historians find that to be unlikely since it was rejected by the theologians of both Alcalá and Salamanca, who were unlikely to be influenced by Las Casas. Koroak Tierra Firmerako (gaur egun Kolonbiak, Venezuelak eta Panamako itsmoak osatzen duten lur zatirako) kolonizazio plan bat enkargatu zion. Hala ere, 1976an Helen Rand Parish eta Harold E. Weidmanek egindako ikerketen arabera, bere jaiotza datarik probableena 1484ko azaroaren 11n izan zen, Trianan, Sevilla. The book was banned by the Aragonese inquisition in 1659. 1534an agintariek frai Bartolomeren laguntza behar izan zuten. Urriaren 6an iritsi ziren fraideak Sevillara. Hona hemen, Las Casasek errekerimenduari buruz idatziak: Izan ere, Indiak gobernatu dituztenek beti izan duten itsutasun guztiz kaltegarria, jende haien konbertsioa antolatu eta ordenatzeko, hainbesteko sakontasunera iritsi da, non imajinatu, praktikatu eta agindu baitute indioei dei egin diezaietela sinesmenera eta Gaztelako erregeei obeditzera etor daitezen, bestela suzko eta odolezko gerra egingo diete eta hil egingo dituzte. [36] Worried by the visions that Las Casas had drawn up of the situation in the Indies, Cardinal Cisneros decided to send a group of Hieronymite monks to take over the government of the islands. Tuvo una formación más bien autodidacta, orientada hacia la teología, la filosofía y el derecho. Horrek kritikak piztu zituen jendearen artean, ez bere predikuaren aurka, bere aurka baino, Las Casas enkomienda-burua baitzen eta ez baitzen bidezkoa bera kide zen taldea iraintzea. Here, Las Casas argued, Indians could be better governed, better taught and indoctrinated in the Christian faith, and would be easier to protect from abuse than if they were in scattered settlements. Hiritar askok indiarrak zituzten behartutako morrontzan. The account was one of the first attempts by a Spanish writer of the colonial era to depict the unfair treatment that the indigenous people endured during the early stages of the Spanish conquest of the Greater Antilles, particularly the island of Hispaniola. The first edition published in Spain after Las Casas's death appeared in Barcelona during the Catalan Revolt of 1646. For this reason it was a pressing matter for Bartolomé de las Casas to plead once again for the Indians with Charles V who was by now Holy Roman Emperor and no longer a boy. San Esteban komentuan apaiza zen senide bat zuen. Carlos V.ari jakinarazi zioten kazike errebelde bat zegoela La Españolan, eta hura neutralizatzeko agindu zuen. Bartolomé de las Casas (bahasa Spanyol: [bartoloˈme ðe las ˈkasas] (); kr. Historia de las Indias lanean, Brevísima relación de la destrucción de las Indias delakoan baino zehatz eta luzeago kontatu zituen indiarren aurkako sarraskiak. Isabel 1504an hil zen, eta bere testamentuan indiarrak ondo eta zuzen tratatzeko eskatu zuen, iraindu gabe. Español: Bartolomé de las Casas O.P. Unlike some other priests who sought to destroy the indigenous peoples' native books and writings, he strictly opposed this action. "[89] This work in which Las Casas combined his own ethnographic observations with those of other writers, and compared customs and cultures between different peoples, has been characterized as an early beginning of the discipline of anthropology. [48] In 1534 Las Casas made an attempt to travel to Peru to observe the first stages of conquest of that region by Francisco Pizarro. "Escritura y Derecho en la obra de Fray Bartolome de las casas" and Lawrence Clayton. "History of the Indies" has never been fully translated into English. Cuzcoko apezpikutza eskaini zioten, oso garrantzitsua une hartan, baina Las Casasek ez zuen onartu. This was meant simply to halt the decimation of the Indian population and to give the surviving Indians time to reconstitute themselves. Aldi berean, Amerikaren kolonizazioaren alderdi asko kritikatu zituen, eta, horien artean, enkomienda sistema. He later wrote: "I saw here cruelty on a scale no living being has ever seen or expects to see. Bartolomé de las Casas spent 50 years of his life actively fighting slavery and the colonial abuse of indigenous peoples, especially by trying to convince the Spanish court to adopt a more humane policy of colonization. Las Casas Karlos V.ari zuzendu zitzaion gutun bidez, erresumako indiar guztiak aske uzteko agin zezan, "Egia esan, ni bezain askeak baitira". "[83], Las Casas's first proposed remedy was a complete moratorium on the use of Indian labor in the Indies until such time as better regulations of it were set in place. Hala, Cumaná lurraldean (Venezuela) kolonia baketsu bat sortzeko proiektua aurrera eramateko baimena eman zion Gaztelako Kontseiluak, hark bere teoriak aplika zitzan: Tierra Firme populatzea, odolik isuri gabe, eta ebanjelioa iragartzea, armen arrabotsik gabe. Puerto Ricoko San Juanera iristean Las Casasen itsasontzia matxuratu egin zen eta bi astez luzatu behar izan zuen hango egonaldia. San Pedro Martir komentuan egon zen, eta gero Atochakoan, frai Labrada lagun zuela. 1511n, Diego Kolonek gertuko Kuba uhartearen barnealdea esploratzeko unea zela erabaki zuen. Narvaez tenientea, 25 soldadurekin, Bayamoko probintzian barneratu zen. Hori izan zen gehien gustatu zitzaion Indietako lurraldea eta 1535ean Erregeari eta Indietako Kontseiluari esploratu gabeko barnealdeko eremuetan kolonizazio baketsua hastea proposatu zien. [91][92] It was in the History of the Indies that Las Casas finally regretted his advocacy for African slavery, and included a sincere apology, writing, "I soon repented and judged myself guilty of ignorance. XVIII. Velazquez konbentzitzen saiatu zen, merezitako gizon aberatsaren etorkizuna sortzen ari zela esan zion, baina Las Casas tematu egin zen eta erabakia sekretua izango zela esan zion bere kidea Jamaikatik itzuli arte. Urakanak hildako asko eragin zituen, eta osasunezintasun egoera larria, gerora izurritea ekarri zuena. Las Casas's supporters were Diego Columbus and the new chancellor Gattinara. 2011. Sevillan, Juan de Figueroak matxinada antolatu zuen, hurrengo egunean Guzmandarrek zapaldu zutena. He proposed 12 other remedies, all having the specific aim of improving the situation for the Indians and limiting the powers that colonists were able to exercise over them.[84]. La Españolara iristean, Las Casasek enkomienda-buruek aita jeronimotarrak beren alde jartzea lortu zutela ikusi zuen. [112] In 2002 the Church began the process for his beatification. Uhartera heldu ziren lehen domingotarrak lau izan ziren, horietatik soilik hiruren izena kontserbatzen bada ere: Frai Pedro de Córdoba, Frai Antonio de Montesinos eta Frai Bernardo de Santo Domingo. In 1555 his old Franciscan adversary Toribio de Benavente Motolinia wrote a letter in which he described Las Casas as an ignorant, arrogant troublemaker. juli 1566) var ein spansk dominikanarprest og nybyggjar i den nye verda.Han vart fødd i Sevilla og døydde i Madrid, men var i mellomtida den første biskopen av Chiapas.. Las Casas vart kjend for at han forsvara rettane til dei innfødde mot det brutale folkemordet som var sett i gang av dei spanske nybyggjarane. Enriquek honakoa eskatu zuen: "bizitza-asegurua eta barkamen orokorra, jaurerriaren kontserbazioa eta etxaldea eta askatasuna bere gizonentzat, arbasoen lurrean bizitzen jarraituko baitzuten inolako eragozpenik jaso gabe". He was appointed Bishop of Chiapas, but served only for a short time before he was forced to return to Spain because of resistance to the New Laws by the encomenderos, and conflicts with Spanish settlers because of his pro-Indian policies and activist religious stance. Las Casas's enemies slandered him to the king, accusing him of planning to escape with the money to Genoa or Rome. He was consecrated in the Dominican Church of San Pablo on March 30, 1544. Orduan, espainiarrek gotorleku bat eraiki zuten inguruan, eta 9 pertsona utzi zituzten Villaman kapitainaren agindupean. He descr… "[20] Las Casas himself argued against the Dominicans in favour of the justice of the encomienda. Las Casas oli aikansa ristiriitaisimpia henkilöitä. [38] Only after Las Casas had left did the Hieronymites begin to congregate Indians into towns similar to what Las Casas had wanted. Handik denbora batera, espainiar talde batek kanpamentu bat sortu zuen inguru horretan. Diego Velazquez Cuellar kapitainak 300 gizoneko espedizio bat prestatu zuen lau ontzitan, Salvatierra de Sabanako portutik abiatu ziren Maisira, Kuba ekialdean dagoen probintziara, eta Puerto de la Palma deritzonean lehorreratu ziren. Eztabaidatu zenaren ondorioz, Karlos I.ak 1542ko azaroaren 20an Lege Berriak aldarrikatu zituen. Ispañul kulunyakunapi kawsaq indihinakunata isklawchayman ama nispas nirqan.. Salamanca llaqtapi latin simitas yachakurqaspa, 1502 watapi Cristobal Colonwan Ayti wat'amansi rirqan. Las Casas oli aikansa ristiriitaisimpia henkilöitä. Artzapezpikua gogobetetzeko, komentuko nagusiek beste komentu batera bidali zuten, Puerto de la Platako komentura, uhartearen iparraldera. Hiri horretatik, eta Tabascon egun batzuk igaro ondoren, Chiapasko Ciudad Real de los Llanosera abiatu zen. 1513an, espainiarrak Caonao herrira iritsi ziren, non oturuntza batekin hartu zituzten. [95], Opposition to Las Casas reached its climax in historiography with Spanish right-wing, nationalist historians in the late 19th and early 20th centuries constructing a pro-Spanish White Legend, arguing that the Spanish Empire was benevolent and just and denying any adverse consequences of Spanish colonialism. [61], Before Las Casas returned to Spain, he was also appointed as Bishop of Chiapas, a newly established diocese of which he took possession in 1545 upon his return to the New World. Las Casas himself was granted the official title of Protector of the Indians, and given a yearly salary of one hundred pesos. Las Casas Santo Domingora joan zen Diego Colonekin hitz egitera, Mundu Berriko bere tituluei balioa eman ziezaien, eta Puerto Ricon utzi zuen bere nekazari tripulazioa. The accounts written by his enemies Lopez de Gómara and Oviedo were widely read and published. Hitzaldi hori Abendualdian eman zen. They stayed in the convent founded some years earlier by Fray Domingo Betanzos and studied the K'iche' language with Bishop Francisco Marroquín, before traveling into the interior region called Tuzulutlan, "The Land of War", in 1537.