Le Bon, Gustave (1841?-1931). This rudimentary theory of learning was first formulated when he was stud… 1/ Les contenus accessibles sur le site Gallica sont pour la plupart des reproductions numériques d'oeuvres tombées dans le domaine public provenant des collections de la BnF.Leur réutilisation s'inscrit dans le cadre de la loi n°78-753 du 17 juillet 1978 : Gustave Le Bon, Bases scientifiques d'une philosophie de l'histoire. ‘Umar ibn al-Khattâb did not harm the Christians when he entered Jerusalem (Bayt al-Maqdis), whereas when the Christians entered it, they slew the Muslims and burnt the Jews mercilessly.”, In his book, A Religious Trip in the East, monk Michaud says: “Unfortunately, the Christians learnt from the Muslims the toleration which is the sign of doing good among nations, showing respect for the creeds of others and abstention from imposing any dogma upon them by force.””[13], “The political ingenuity of the early caliphs was no less than the military skill they acquired very soon. In spite of the fact that the Arab civilization perished much like the previous ones, nothing affected the religion of the Prophet which still has the same influence it had in the past and the same great authority over souls, although other older religions lose day after day something of their power.”[16], “Saladin did not like to follow, with the Crusaders, the same barbarous approach their ancestors had followed with the Muslims. Ordinary people can typically gain direct power by acting collectively. That the Arabs did not make other attempts to conquer this region goes back to the fact that northern France was very cold and rainy and this neither suited them nor encouraged them to stay there. If you belong to such an institution, please log in or find out more about A dynamic table of contents enables to jump directly to the chapter selected. If it happened that some Christians embraced Islam and took Arabic as their language, this was due to the justice they saw from the victorious Arabs the like of which they did not see from their previous masters, in addition to the ease of Islam which they knew not before.”[3], “It has been proven throughout history that religions cannot be imposed by force. Charles Marie Gustave Le Bon (1841-1931) Gustave Lebon (1841-1931) Ä Å«stāf LÅ« BÅ«n (1841-1931) (arabe) غوستاف لو بون (1841-1931) (arabe) ISNI : ISNI 0000 0001 2100 6485: Information (catalogue BnF archives et manuscrits) : Médecin, Gustave Le Bon (1841-1931), fut chargé pendant la guerre de 1870 d'une des divisions des ambulances militaires volantes de l'armée de Paris. Download This eBook. He granted safety to its people and gave them a pledge of respect for their churches and property and prohibited Muslims to perform their rites in their synagogues.”[6], “‘Amr ibn al-‘Âs, in his conduct in Egypt, was no less kind. The electric interests and abilities of Gustave Le Bon led to a full and productive life. According to Robertson in his History of Charlemagne, “The great zeal the Muslims (from among all men of religions) had for their religion went side by side with a spirit of toleration toward the followers of other religions. Entries cover individuals, coteries, movements, and events. Psicólogo social francés nacido en Nogent-le Rotrou el 7 de mayo de 1841 y fallecido en Marne-la Coquette el 15 de diciembre de 1931. He also has many contributions in social sciences, the most important of which is the theory of Crowd Psychology which is a branch of social psychology. Although Gustave Le Bon was originally trained as a physician, Le Bon's primary contribution was in sociology, where he developed major theories on crowd behavior.. Beginning in 1902, his Wednesday luncheons attracted the Parisian intellectual and social elite. Gustave Le Bon : parcours d'un intellectuel, 1841-1931 by Benoit Marpeau ( Book ) Gustave Le Bon by Raymond Queneau ( Book ) 1841-1931 Густав Le Bon, Gustave, 1842-1931 Le Bon, G. 1841-1931 Gustav Лебон, Гюстав, 1841-1931. The whole of the common characteristics with which heredity endows the individuals of a race constitute the genius of the race. But it should be recognized today that all this was the work of the Arabs alone – an opinion opted for by all scholars who studied the Arab writings.”[24], “The more we delve into the study of Arab civilization, scientific books, arts and inventions, the more new facts and extensive horizons will appear to us. أكبر بوابة للتاريخ الإسلامي على شبكة الإنترنت، وتنشر محتواها بسبع لغات عالمية. In his refutation to the argument that this battle rescued the West and Christianity from the Arabs, La Bon says: “Suppose that the Christians failed to overcome the Arabs and that the Arabs found the climate of northern France neither rainy nor cold in such a way that it was pleasant to them to stay there forever, what would Europe have gotten from that? He offered the Egyptians complete religious freedom, absolute justice and respect for their property, and imposed a fixed annual Jizyah of no more than fifteen franks per capita, as opposed to the high taxes levied by the Roman Caesars. His writings have theories of national traits, racial superiority, herd behavior and crowd psychology. ‎2 works of Gustave Le Bon French social psychologist, sociologist, Anthropologist, inventor, and amateur physicist (1841-1931) This ebook presents a collection of 2 works of Gustave Le Bon. doi:10.4324/9781135000356-REM1586-1, https://www.rem.routledge.com/articles/le-bon-gustave-1841-1931, © 2020 Informa UK Limited, an Informa Group Company, Discover key events and debates that shaped the Modernist movement, Edward Louis Bernays retains a place in the history of modernity for synthesizing Freudian psychology, political communication (or propaganda) and the media. The person Le Bon, Gustave, 1841-1931 represents an individual (alive, dead, undead, or fictional) associated with resources found in Boston University Libraries. This influence on the West could be perceived only by imagining the state in which Europe was before civilization was brought to it. After completing medical studies in Paris he traveled extensively and wrote on a variety of topics ranging from premature burial to equitation. In his sight, it does not deserve all what was said about it or about its leader, Charles Martel, who but stopped the Arab conquests only in northern France whilst their conquests went on in its south. Retrieved 21 Dec. 2020, from https://www.rem.routledge.com/articles/le-bon-gustave-1841-1931. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. The crowd’s “collective mind” responds to suggestions more readily than the individual minds of its members, hence its “servility” in the face of strong authority. تشتمل على موسوعة من الآف الموضوعات والبحوث والدراسات الموثقة والمواد الصوتية والمرئية والإنفوجرافيك، التي تتناول التاريخ والحضارة الإسلامية بأسلوب سلس وممتع، كما تتناول تراجم موثقة لأبرز الشخصيات التاريخية المؤثرة في التاريخ والحضارة الإنسانية. Gustave Le Bon (Le Bon, Gustave, 1841-1931) A Wikipedia article about this author is available.. The more tolerant Islam seems to be, the stronger it becomes internally and externally. His works include: La Civilization des Arabes (1884); La Psychologie des Foules (1895); La Psychologie de l’éducation (1910); Les opinions et les croyances (1911); La révolution française et la psychologie des Révolutions (1912); Enseignements psychologiques de la guerre européenne (1915); Premières conséquences de la guerre (1916); Hier et demain. Edward Bernays, widely regarded as the father of modern advertising, drew heavily on Le Bon’s work when formulating his ideas on propaganda and mass manipulation. Charles-Marie Gustave Le Bon was born in Nogent-le-Rotrou, Centre-Val de Loire on 7 May 1841 to a family of Breton ancestry. Le Bon estudió en el lycée de Tours y después ingresó en la Facultad de Medicina de París. It was these who civilized Europe physically, mentally and morally and no nation along history has ever produced the like of what they produced within such a short time and no people have ever excelled them in artistic innovation.”[25], The best nation to be produced for the people, “However, the achievements made by Muhammad in the Arab territories went beyond those of all religions before Islam, including even Judaism and Christianity. Gustave Le Bon nació el 7 de mayo de 1841, en Nogent-le-Rotrou, Francia. See also what's at your library, or elsewhere. Le Bon, Gustave لوبون، غوستاف، 1841-1931 Le Bon, G. (Gustave), 1841-1931 Gustave Le Bon لو بون، جوستاف، 1841-1931 لوبون، غوستاف Лебон, Г. Psychologie des foules / par Gustave Le Bon. No ethnos like the Arabs could be fit for a living example of the influence of the factors lying behind the foundation, magnificence and decline of states.”[30]. He also made the Ka‘bah an Islamic place of worship and soon it became the main house of Islam.”[28], You are indeed on a high model of moral character, “Muhammad was a man of noble manners, wisdom, kindheartedness, compassion, mercy, truthfulness and trustworthiness.”[29], “Few are the nations that excelled the Arabs in civility. Among his famous books is La Civilization des Arabes (The Civilization of the Arabs), one of the most fundamental books written in Europe in the modern age, impartial and objective in judgment on Arab and Islamic civilization. [30] Gustave La Bon, La Civilization des Arabes, 618. They left them free with their property, churches and laws and made their own (rather than the Muslim) judges responsible for their legal affairs. Le Bon analyzed different kinds of crowds, including criminal crowds, electoral crowds, and parliamentary assemblies. … Muhammad was certain that Allâh commanded him to call people to a new religion which He revealed to him in order to renew the world and, by virtue of his certainty, he was able to change the entire world.”[18], “The Arab conquests had a specific character the like of which was missing with other conquerors who came after them. Although some western scholars were just to Muhammad, religious fanaticism blinded the sights of many others from recognizing his credit.”[27], “Muhammad dealt with the Quraysh, his belligerent adversaries, for twenty years in kindness and patience and rescued them from (the anger of) his companions even with difficulty. "Le Bon, Gustave (1841–1931)." In The Laws of Imitation (1880), he suggests that imitation drives the development of language…. Gustave Le Bon, né le 7 mai 1841 à Nogent-le-Rotrou et mort le 13 décembre 1931 à Marnes-la-Coquette, est un médecin, anthropologue, psychologue social et sociologue français. He imposed only a little Jizyah on them. Historically, because large groups of people have been able to bring about dramatic and sudden social change in a manner that bypasses the established due process, they have also provoked controversy. That is, he did not exterminate them entirely: he rather levied upon them a very little Jizyah and forbade the Muslims to take anything from them.”[17], “The Bedouin tribes in the Arab Peninsula adopted a religion brought by an unlettered person by virtue of which they established, within less than fifty years, a great state like that of Alexander and adorned it with many magnificent buildings which stand as a miraculous sign. “We see from the Qur’anic verses that Muhammad’s toleration with the Jews and Christians was so great as none among the founders of the religions before him, of Judaism or Christianity, had never been, and we would see how his successors followed his method in this respect. يصدر عن قصة الإسلام موقع قصة الإسلام لايت الذي تهتم بالموضوعات الخفيفة والمشوقة التي تتعلق بالتاريخ. To receive the latest topics on email directly as they are published, All rights reserved to Islam story website ©2012. Er gilt als einer der Begründer der Massenpsychologie, einem Teilgebiet der Sozialpsychologie. Le Bon (Gustave, 1841-1931) auteur, déresponsabilisation, foule, groupe, Le Bon, masse, psychologie sociale . They used to show mercy to the weak, be kind towards the conquered and abide by the conditions they imposed upon themselves, to the end of those good traits.”[11], However, La Bon does not hide his sorrow for the fact that the Muslims did not rule France and that their conquests in northern France came to end with Poitiers. The Egyptians willingly accepted and were thankful for these conditions, which encouraged them to pay the Jizyah in advance. Le Bon believed an understanding of crowd psychology was essential for a proper understating of the both history and the nature of man. Within less than a century, they were able to cultivate dead land, build up ruined cities, construct magnificent buildings and establish trade connections with other nations. Meanwhile, the most knowledgeable among the Christians were from the poor, ignorant monks who stayed in their churches to submissively erase the valuable books of the ancients to have enough scrolls to transcribe the books of worship.”[20], “The civil affair of the Arabs did not seem, in any country they ruled, clearer as it did in Spain which had no civilization before the Arab conquest and then came to have a flourishing civilization in the era of the Arabs before it fell to the lowest bottom of degradation after their evacuation.”[21], “The Arabs had no sooner completed their conquest of Spain than they began to carry out the message of civilization in it. Gustave Le Bon (1841–1931) French psychologist and sociologist; Emil Lederer (1882–1939) Harvey Leibenstein (1922–1994) Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (V.I. Gustave Le Bon (7. května 1841, Nogent-le-Rotrou – 13. prosince 1931, Marnes-la-Coquette) byl francouzský sociální psycholog, sociolog, antropolog a amatérský fyzik. This seemed clearer in Egypt whose Persian, Greek and Roman conquerors did not succeed in changing the ancient Pharaonic civilization and replacing it with their own.”[10], “The Arabs of Spain had ideal chivalry by virtue of their great toleration. Lire: Benoît Marpeau, Gustave Le Bon - Parcours d'un intellectuel 1841-1931 , CNRS éditions 2000. Sein bekanntestes Werk ist das 1895 veröffentlichte Buch Psychologie der Massen. Since the value of the civilizational influence of a nation on another is determined by the extent it develops and reforms it, the conclusion will be that the Arabs had a great influence on Sicily.”[23], “It is attributed to Bacon, in general, that he was the first to hold experiment and observation, the pillars of the modern scientific methodology, in the position of the instructor. It is a moment of crisis, in the literal sense of that word. Ta… 1895. Muhammad challenged both men and jinn to produce the like of the Quran and this was the strongest indication to the truth of his message. In spite of carrying the sword to spread their religion, they left those who did not like to adopt it free with their own religious precepts.”, According to Michaud in his History of the Crusades, “The Qur’an which enjoins Jihâd upon the Muslims shows great toleration towards the followers of other religions. Le Bon, Gustave, 1841-1931: The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind (HTML at Virginia) Le Bon, Gustave, 1841-1931: The Psychology of Revolution (HTML at Virginia) Le Bon, Gustave, 1841-1931: The Psychology of Socialism (PDF at McMaster) The Online Books Page. … Meanwhile, the Arabs well ruled the Spaniards, the same as they had done with those of Syria and Egypt.